I encourage you to read medical records.

Article 14

Environmental carcinogens are two major groups: one includes factors depend on the conditions of life between individuals (tobacco, alcohol, diet, occupation, sunshine). the other factors are dependent on the general environmental conditions (air pollution, water pollution and soil contamination of food). Elimination of carcinogens from the environment is a social issue, because the effects of exposure of the population of these factors materially burden the public. Individual efforts to protect the public from exposure to pathogens are sometimes ineffective. A typical example of the latter group is the habit of smoking cigarettes, which the fight, despite some social pressure is not effective. The primary prevention is also related to efforts to remove precancerous lesions, ie lesions, which often develop medium tumors.

Article 13

Meet this objective: • testing of the asymptomatic populations, but the increased risk of illness in cancer, occurring most frequently in the population, a single treatment, • monitor the health status of people who deviation from the norm. The most effective methods for early detection of cancer: a systematic surveys of vaginal smears in women younger than 25 years, systematically carried out 2 times a year, gynecological examination and Pap smears in women who use oral contraceptives (risk of endometrial cancer development), careful examination of the placenta in to detect graniastego (combined with determination levels of gonadotropins in the urine).

Article 12

About how complex this is a problem, shows the implementation of the International Agency for Research on Cancer, during which about 370 have been studied so far, and chemical compounds found to be potentially carcinogenic. Selection criteria for the evaluation was the presence of these compounds in the workplace (occupational exposure) and information about their carcinogenic activity in animals or humans. As a result of testing for 26 chemicals found relationship between exposure and the occurrence in humans. For the 221 compounds found only partial evidence of carcinogenicity (carcinogenic to only one species of experimental animals and no evidence of a carcinogenic effect on humans). In the case of 121 compounds not found to be carcinogenic effects nor in animals or in humans. In the event that a compound for carcinogenic appropriate administrative authorities in Poland (Ministry of Labor and Social Policy and the Ministry of Health and Human Services) are required to determine the occupational exposure limit or prohibit the use of this compound.

Article 11

Secondary prevention of secondary aim of prevention is early detection and treatment of cancers. Experiments conducted in a large number of establishments and institutions from many countries show that most programs for systematic studies of mass prevention programs, which include a large group of so-called. healthy population, are WATP of fuel value. This follows from the analysis of the mn figures from the U.S., which showed that the number of cancer cases per 1,000 people tested annually during the test mass is small. In the case of cervical cancer incidence maximum detection of asymptomatic cervical cancer is 2 to 10000 In a U.S. cost to detect 1 case of cervical cancer in the research system is 50 thousand dollars. The described example shows that the mass survey conducted in niedobranej population, ie the population, where the probability of detecting the disease is low, not only are very costly and ineffective, but wasted the work of highly qualified medical personnel. It would confirm that the organizational effort in the field of secondary prevention should be focused on the methods of simple, efficient and well accepted by society.

Article 10

The rehabilitation of psychosomatic rehabilitation of patients with cancer should include not only the restoration of the sick physical, but also alleviate the social, psychological and occupational illness resulting from cancer treatment and follow-up. In many countries, also in Poland, we are currently growing interest in the problems of rehabilitation of cancer patients, and in some establishments under oncological treatment rehabilitation units are created. with specific problems in this area include the following: • prosthetics, maxillo-facial surgery to make up losses after surgical treatment of head and neck cancer, preventive physiotherapy of the shoulder after removal of the lymphatic system neck, teaching speech after removal of the larynx, breast prosthesis, as well as prevention and treatment limitations movable permanent Wu shoulder and arm edema after radical endeavors in the case of breast cancer, the provision of artificial anus, stomach or intestinal fistula, as appropriate, executed immediately after treatments, protezowanie after amputations, self-control phantom pain, treatments physiotherapist operated.

Article 9

It should be stressed that continued even in rich countries, a very well-organized health service, there are difficulties in planning and implementing this type of control tests. This is mainly due to the fact that people do not lend themselves to systematic examination and tests themselves are not always sufficiently sensitive. It is concluded that the methods of improving the effectiveness of cancer prevention in the current state of knowledge can be expected with an increase in the level of health education and improvement of tests. Breast self-examination should be performed at least 1 time a month, immediately after menstruation, and after the end of menstruation, systematically continue. Self-control is based on careful watching in the mirror and breast examination by touch.

Article 8

In the immediate transmission of information the doctor-patient should focus on the opportunities offered by modern medicine in the fight against cancer, and for the individual situation of the patient to extract those accents that would mitigate the fatalistic idea and extremely pessimistic predictions. Medical authority, resulting from a deep knowledge and experience, creates the greatest potential to influence the attitudes of patients. Doctors are well known observations, which clearly shows that patients in an atmosphere of trust and acceptance of treatment significantly better tolerate them, while maintaining full mental and intellectual fitness. Back to the family, the social and working life becomes a proof for the sick to recover health and strengthens the feeling that with the passage of time.

Article 7

Primary prevention is now clear that only one of the known causes of tumor formation is the importance of population. This cause is cigarette smoking, which for example in the UK causes the formation of men about 50% of cancers. It was also found that about 40% of deaths among men in the U.S. cause diseases related to smoking habit. In addition, more smokers than nonsmokers are the cause of death: lung cancer (10.8 offend), cancer of the larynx (5.4 jar), cancer of the mouth (4.1 jar), esophageal cancer (3.4 jar), bladder cancer (1.9 jar). However, from years of research shows that each of the other known carcinogens considered in isolation, causes the development of a relatively small percentage of cancers, l as ionizing radiation, certain drugs, the action of certain chemicals at work, and sexual mores cause approximately 10% of all cancers in both sexes . for chemical compounds, it turned out that different countries use different criteria in relation to substances classified as carcinogenic.

Article 6

Organization of care for seriously ill is a serious problem, as cancer therapeutics is unable to take care of all those in need. This problem is partially solved in Poland by the separation of specialized beds in district hospitals, whose responsibility is to ensure that hospital patients with their own land. Portion of patients who do not require hospitalization, subject to the care of doctors with the help of district nurses. Currently, the main emphasis is on broadening the participation of nurses in providing social care to the sick who remain at home. An extremely important element in the care of chronically ill patients is to encourage them to keep active as their abilities. It is also an important factor in helping patients to solve life's problems that are causing them additional suffering, l here should be used mainly in supporting the patient's family and social nurses.

Article 5

Methods of detection of cancer: early detection of breast cancer can be achieved by teaching women breast self-examination, ie, self (self-description of how the address below), clinical examination, mammogram, and ultrasound kseromammograficzne are indicated in increased risk groups: a positive family history, the sick are under zaleczeniu control after one of breast cancer, 9 in men over the age of 40, particularly smokers, are indicated, x-rays of the chest 2 times a year, combined with sputum cytology test for the detection of clinically asymptomatic lung cancer, regular dental examinations to detect early cancers of the head and neck cancer in high-risk group, ie, mostly in men cigarette smokers and alcoholics, the organization of systematic testing by digital rectal cancer to early detection of colorectal and prostate.